A dual-process account of the list-length and strength-based mirror effects in recognition Melanie Cary Lynne Reder 10.1184/R1/6613109.v1 https://kilthub.cmu.edu/articles/journal_contribution/A_dual-process_account_of_the_list-length_and_strength-based_mirror_effects_in_recognition/6613109 <p>Manipulating either list length (e.g., few vs. many study items) or encoding strength (e.g., one presentation vs. multiple presentations of each study item) produces a recognition mirror effect. A formal dual-process theory of <a>recognition memory</a> that accounts for the word-frequency mirror effect is extended to account for the list-length and strength-based mirror effects. According to this theory, the hit portions of these mirror effects result from differential ease of recollection-based recognition, and the false alarm portions result from differential reliance on familiarity-based recognition. This account yields predictions for participants’ Remember and Know responses as a function of list length and encoding strength. Empirical data and model fits from four experiments support these predictions. The data also demonstrate a reliable list-length effect when several potential confounding factors are controlled, contributing to the debate regarding the effect of list length on recognition.</p> 2003-08-01 00:00:00 Memory Word recognition Mirror effects Encoding strength List length