<p dir="ltr">Transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry offers a promising approach to non-invasively monitor fetal arterial oxygen saturation (SpO₂), potentially enhancing clinical decision-making and reducing unnecessary interventions during delivery. However, accurate estimation of fetal SpO₂ is complicated by the multi-layer maternal-fetal tissue structure, distinct maternal and fetal physiological signals, and inherently low fetal oxygen saturation levels.</p><p dir="ltr">This dataset contains Monte Carlo simulated optical data used to validate the multi-layer self-calibrated algorithm for transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry as described in the paper: <i>"Multi-layer self-calibrated algorithm for transabdominal fetal pulse oximetry: Simulation and in vivo validation"</i> (https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7647/ae1a27).</p>