Tools to support portfolios of low-carbon electricity technologies

 Decarbonizing the electricity grid is an essential component of the worldwide initiative to address climate change and secure a sustainable future. The electricity grid acts as the essential infrastructure of contemporary society. Decarbonizing it will require a shift to cleaner and low-carbon energy sources, such as wind, solar, and hydropower, to meet national decarbonization goals. Public acceptance plays a pivotal role in the success of electricity decarbonization goals. The transition to low-carbon energy sources, such as renewables, hinges on gaining support and understanding from the public. This will require decision-makers and other community leaders to recognize and address public concerns. At the same time, they foster public awareness of the benefits of low-carbon technologies and engage communities in decision-making. 

This dissertation delves into public preferences and social approval of low-carbon technologies in the context of US decarbonization. Chapter 2 introduces Grid2050, a dynamic web-based tool developed using R Shiny that supports users in exploring alternative portfolios of present and possible future electricity generation technologies. A version of this tool serves as a framework for Chapter 3, which focuses on a public survey assessing preferences for low-carbon 2035 electricity portfolios. The study reveals diverse technology preferences where portfolios include novel technologies like CCS and offshore wind. Also, preferences are influenced by demographic factors, such as age, income, and attitudes, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies. Chapter 4 explores the prediction of county-level wind receptivity using a machine-learning model and data from withdrawn wind project submissions. The results highlight regional variations in factors impacting receptivity, offering a model with potential application to assess the viability of various technologies in different areas. In conclusion, the dissertation contributes valuable insights into public preferences, technology acceptance, and regional receptivity, offering a comprehensive approach to advancing the transition to a cleaner, more sustainable, and resilient energy future in the United States.